cbs has canceled six reveals earlier than the 2026 2026 season, sending ripples all through Hollywood and igniting a flurry of hypothesis. This daring transfer by the community is not only a headline; it is a strategic pivot with important ramifications for everybody concerned, from the actors and writers whose livelihoods are instantly impacted to the advertisers and audiences left questioning what comes subsequent.
The leisure panorama is consistently evolving, and these cancellations provide a glimpse into the way forward for tv, forcing us to think about the shifting sands of content material consumption, the ability of streaming, and the ever-present stress of scores.
The influence of those cancellations might be felt instantly. For actors, the sudden lack of a job can result in monetary uncertainty and the scramble for brand spanking new alternatives. Writers, too, face the daunting process of pitching new initiatives, navigating the aggressive market, and probably going through layoffs inside their writing groups. Manufacturing crews, from the seasoned grips to the bold newcomers, discover their schedules disrupted, and their employment prospects quickly dimmed.
These cancellations have an effect on the intricate ecosystem of the leisure business, influencing expertise companies, post-production homes, and even the native companies that assist on-location shoots. The quick fallout includes union laws and contract stipulations, and in addition the long-term profession implications for these concerned. For example, think about the influence on a present’s sound mixers or costume designers, whose specialised abilities would possibly now be quickly underutilized.
The quick influence of CBS’s present cancellations might be felt by varied business professionals.: Cbs Has Canceled Six Exhibits Earlier than The 2026 2026 Season
The abrupt cancellation of six CBS reveals earlier than the 2026 season sends shockwaves by the leisure business, making a ripple impact that touches quite a few professionals. This resolution impacts not solely the quick livelihoods of these instantly concerned but additionally has lasting penalties on their careers and the broader ecosystem that helps tv manufacturing. The business, recognized for its risky nature, is as soon as once more reminded of its inherent instability.
Influence on Actors, Writers, and Manufacturing Crews
The first casualties of those cancellations are the actors, writers, and manufacturing crews. These people face a sudden lack of earnings, job safety, and future prospects. The quick aftermath contains monetary instability and the problem of discovering new employment in a aggressive market.
- Actors: Actors, particularly these in main roles, usually expertise important monetary setbacks. They could have ongoing contracts or residuals from previous seasons, however the cancellation eliminates future earnings from the present. For example, an actor contracted for a number of seasons would possibly discover themselves with out work, probably affecting their skill to fulfill monetary obligations like mortgages or loans. They might want to shortly have interaction with their brokers to discover new alternatives, resembling auditioning for pilots, impartial movies, or stage productions.
The Display screen Actors Guild-American Federation of Tv and Radio Artists (SAG-AFTRA) performs an important position right here, making certain actors obtain severance pay, healthcare continuation, and the negotiation of contract phrases.
- Writers: Writers face comparable challenges. A writing workers, chargeable for growing and producing the present’s scripts, instantly finds themselves unemployed. The writers’ room, a collaborative surroundings, is dismantled, and particular person writers should search new initiatives. This could contain pitching concepts to different networks or studios, competing for open writing positions on present reveals, or growing their very own initiatives. Writers Guild of America (WGA) laws guarantee writers obtain residuals and severance pay, however the transition interval can nonetheless be difficult.
The long-term influence on writers can embrace a disruption of their profession trajectory, making it tougher to safe future high-profile initiatives.
- Manufacturing Crews: The manufacturing crew, together with cinematographers, editors, sound engineers, set designers, costume designers, and varied different technical personnel, additionally suffers. Their employment ends abruptly, and so they should discover new jobs. This might contain making use of for positions on different productions, usually competing with skilled professionals. The crew members’ monetary stability is jeopardized as they search for new initiatives, which can have decrease pay or fewer advantages.
Many of those positions are unionized, just like the Worldwide Alliance of Theatrical Stage Staff (IATSE), which helps with advantages, job placement, and safety of their rights.
Affect on Schedules and Monetary Stability, Cbs has canceled six reveals earlier than the 2026 2026 season
The sudden cancellation of a present instantly impacts the schedules and monetary stability of the concerned people. This disruption can set off a number of monetary {and professional} problems.
“The cancellation of a present disrupts the fastidiously deliberate lives of everybody concerned, from the lead actors to the catering workers. Monetary planning is thrown into disarray, as contracts are terminated and future earnings streams disappear.”
The next factors element the complexities:
- Contractual Obligations: Contracts with actors, writers, and crew members are sometimes terminated or renegotiated resulting from cancellations. Union laws like these enforced by SAG-AFTRA, WGA, and IATSE, usually dictate the phrases of termination, together with severance pay, medical insurance continuation, and the dealing with of residuals.
- Monetary Implications: The lack of a gentle earnings stream forces people to reassess their monetary plans. Mortgages, loans, and different monetary commitments turn out to be tough to handle with out constant earnings. Actors and writers could need to dip into financial savings, search different earnings sources, or face potential monetary hardship. Manufacturing crew members might have to hunt unemployment advantages or discover different avenues.
- Profession Trajectory: Cancellations can stall profession momentum, notably for these on the cusp of a breakthrough. A present’s cancellation can hinder an actor’s skill to safe future roles. Writers would possibly discover it tougher to get their work seen. Manufacturing crew members could face delays in climbing the ranks.
- Scheduling Conflicts: The sudden availability of expertise can create scheduling conflicts. Actors and writers would possibly discover themselves booked for different initiatives. Manufacturing crew members might need to regulate to new schedules and places. This requires brokers, managers, and unions to navigate new schedules, usually with the involvement of contract negotiations.
Ripple Results on Associated Industries
The influence of CBS present cancellations extends past the direct staff. Associated industries expertise their very own disruptions, requiring them to regulate their operations.
- Expertise Companies: Expertise companies that symbolize actors, writers, and crew members face quick challenges. They have to discover new employment alternatives for his or her shoppers, which includes a flurry of telephone calls, conferences, and pitches. Companies will possible expertise a lower in income as their shoppers lose their major sources of earnings.
- Put up-Manufacturing Homes: Put up-production homes, which deal with enhancing, sound mixing, and visible results, additionally really feel the influence. Cancellations imply a discount within the quantity of labor and potential layoffs. The post-production homes might want to compete for brand spanking new initiatives, which might have an effect on pricing and profitability.
- Catering Providers: Catering providers, which offer meals and drinks on set, lose a major income. These companies will possible have to scale back workers and search for new shoppers.
- Different Companies: Companies that present gear leases, location providers, and transportation additionally really feel the consequences. They face a lower in demand and income, requiring them to regulate their enterprise methods.
The implications for CBS’s future programming slate require cautious consideration.
The cancellation of six reveals earlier than the 2026 season presents CBS with a pivotal second. The community should strategically re-evaluate its programming technique to make sure long-term viability and viewers engagement. This requires a deep dive into content material acquisition, style diversification, and revolutionary programming fashions to navigate the evolving media panorama. The choices made now will considerably influence CBS’s place within the aggressive tv market.
Prioritizing New Programming Genres and Demographics
CBS faces the problem of changing canceled reveals whereas concurrently attracting new viewers and retaining its present viewers. This necessitates a cautious evaluation of programming gaps and alternatives. The community should transfer past its conventional reliance on procedural dramas and comedies, exploring genres that resonate with modern audiences.One key space for enlargement is the event of serialized dramas with a powerful give attention to character improvement and complicated storylines.
This might embrace adapting standard novels or creating authentic narratives that enchantment to a youthful demographic. For instance, CBS might put money into a high-budget fantasy or science fiction collection, a style that has seen important success on streaming platforms and different broadcast networks. This might be coupled with a advertising and marketing marketing campaign highlighting the present’s distinctive premise and star energy, focusing on a broader viewers.One other essential technique includes focusing on particular demographics which can be at the moment underrepresented in CBS’s programming.
This contains growing illustration of various voices each in entrance of and behind the digicam. Investing in reveals that mirror the experiences of various racial and ethnic teams, LGBTQ+ people, and folks with disabilities is important. Such a transfer not solely promotes inclusivity but additionally opens doorways to a wider viewers base, as evidenced by the success of reveals like “Abbott Elementary” on ABC, which demonstrates the enchantment of various tales.Content material acquisition also needs to shift in direction of buying worldwide codecs and adapting them for the US market.
The worldwide recognition of codecs like crime dramas and actuality competitors reveals supplies a ready-made supply of confirmed content material. CBS might discover co-productions with worldwide networks and streaming providers to share manufacturing prices and increase its attain. This method might result in extra environment friendly content material creation and entry to new audiences.
Diversifying Programming for a Wider Viewers
To broaden its enchantment, CBS wants a complete diversification plan that encompasses content material codecs, views, and voices. It will contain a multi-pronged method to create a extra inclusive and interesting viewing expertise.To make sure this, the next steps are important:
- Embracing Various Storytelling: Actively search out and develop tales that mirror the numerous experiences of American society. This includes commissioning reveals from writers, administrators, and producers from underrepresented teams. The success of reveals like “Queen Sugar” on OWN, which highlights the lives of Black Individuals, demonstrates the ability of genuine illustration.
- Increasing Content material Codecs: Transcend the normal hour-long drama and half-hour comedy codecs. Experiment with shorter-form content material, resembling net collection and digital shorts, to succeed in audiences on a number of platforms. Take into account creating spin-offs of present profitable reveals that concentrate on totally different characters or storylines.
- Rising Cross-Platform Integration: Leverage the ability of digital platforms to have interaction with audiences. Develop companion content material for reveals, resembling behind-the-scenes footage, interviews, and interactive video games, that reach the viewing expertise. Make the most of social media to advertise reveals and work together with viewers.
- Investing in Actuality and Unscripted Programming: Broaden the slate of actuality and unscripted reveals, which frequently enchantment to a youthful demographic and are inexpensive to supply than scripted dramas. Take into account growing actuality reveals with a singular premise or that includes various members. The success of “The Superb Race” on CBS demonstrates the potential of unscripted programming to draw a loyal viewers.
This diversification plan will place CBS to draw a broader viewers and solidify its place within the aggressive tv market. The incorporation of various voices and views is not going to solely make the community extra inclusive but additionally improve the standard and relevance of its programming.
Experimenting with Revolutionary Programming Fashions
The cancellations present CBS with a possibility to embrace revolutionary programming fashions that may enhance effectivity, entice audiences, and generate new income streams.One such mannequin is the adoption of shorter seasons and restricted collection. This method permits CBS to supply high-quality content material with an outlined narrative arc, which could be notably interesting to viewers who’re accustomed to streaming providers.
Restricted collection, specifically, can entice prime expertise who could also be hesitant to decide to a long-term collection. The success of restricted collection like “Mare of Easttown” on HBO highlights the enchantment of this mannequin.Co-productions with streaming providers provide one other avenue for innovation. CBS might companion with platforms like Paramount+ or different streaming providers to share manufacturing prices and increase the attain of its reveals.
This permits the community to faucet into the streaming service’s viewers base and probably generate further income by licensing charges. This technique might additionally embrace providing unique content material to streaming subscribers.One other revolutionary mannequin includes experimenting with totally different launch methods. As an alternative of releasing all episodes of a season directly, CBS might undertake a hybrid method, releasing episodes weekly on broadcast tv whereas additionally making them out there on demand by way of streaming.
This technique can preserve viewer engagement and supply flexibility for audiences. The success of this mannequin might be measured by viewership numbers throughout each broadcast and streaming platforms.
CBS’s resolution to axe six reveals earlier than the 2026 season alerts a shift within the leisure panorama, forcing viewers to seek out new sources of content material. Maybe a weekend escape is so as, an opportunity to disconnect and savor the easy pleasures of life, like discovering the proper ripe strawberry. When you’re on the lookout for a refreshing exercise, think about strawberry picking near me.
Finally, the cancellations at CBS spotlight the necessity for adaptability within the face of adjusting viewers preferences.
By embracing these revolutionary programming fashions, CBS can adapt to the altering media panorama and place itself for long-term success. The power to experiment and adapt might be vital for the community’s future.
Viewers reactions to the cancellations exhibit the influence on viewers.

The quick aftermath of CBS’s resolution to axe six reveals earlier than the 2026 season will undoubtedly set off a cascade of reactions from its viewership. These responses, starting from profound disappointment to lively makes an attempt to affect the community’s selections, underscore the numerous position tv packages play in shaping cultural landscapes and particular person lives. Understanding the various emotional responses and the potential for organized fan motion is essential for assessing the long-term implications of those cancellations.
Emotional Responses to Present Cancellations
Viewers usually develop deep emotional connections with tv reveals, investing important time and emotional power in following storylines and characters. The cancellation of a beloved present can, subsequently, elicit a spread of highly effective emotions.
- Disappointment and Unhappiness: That is maybe probably the most quick and customary response. Viewers could really feel a way of loss, akin to the ending of a long-term relationship. The anticipation of future episodes, the consolation derived from acquainted characters, and the satisfaction of following a story arc are all abruptly lower brief.
- Anger and Frustration: Many viewers will specific anger on the community’s resolution, notably if the present was perceived as critically acclaimed or had a devoted following. They could really feel the choice was unfair, pushed by components apart from the present’s inventive benefit or the viewers’s enjoyment. This anger can manifest in on-line boards, social media, and direct communication with the community.
- Confusion and Bewilderment: Some viewers would possibly wrestle to know the explanations behind the cancellation, particularly if the present was standard or had a cliffhanger ending. This confusion can result in frustration and a need for solutions, prompting viewers to hunt out explanations and have interaction in hypothesis in regards to the community’s motives.
- A Sense of Betrayal: Viewers could really feel betrayed by the community, particularly if they’ve been loyal viewers for years. This sense could be exacerbated if the community presents obscure or unsatisfactory explanations for the cancellation.
- Acceptance and Adaptation: Whereas unfavorable feelings are widespread, some viewers could finally settle for the cancellation, understanding that the tv panorama is consistently evolving. They could search out new reveals to fill the void or revisit previous episodes.
Demographic Variations in Response
Totally different demographic teams are more likely to react to the cancellations in distinct methods, formed by components resembling age, viewing habits, and social media engagement.
- Youthful Viewers: Youthful viewers, who are sometimes extra lively on social media platforms, could also be extra more likely to specific their reactions on-line, utilizing hashtags, memes, and on-line petitions. They could even be extra inclined to find new reveals and adapt shortly to the cancellation.
- Older Viewers: Older viewers is likely to be much less lively on social media however could have a stronger emotional attachment to their favourite reveals. They is likely to be extra more likely to write letters to the community or contact customer support to voice their displeasure.
- Style-Particular Fanbases: Followers of particular genres, resembling science fiction or fantasy, could also be extra organized and vocal of their protests. These fanbases usually have established on-line communities that may shortly mobilize to advocate for his or her reveals.
- Range and Illustration: Viewers who establish with underrepresented teams within the media would possibly react strongly if a present with various characters or storylines is canceled, as this can be perceived as a setback for illustration.
Examples of Affected On-line Communities
The cancellations will undoubtedly influence varied on-line communities and fan boards.
- Reddit Subreddits: Devoted subreddits for every present will turn out to be hubs for dialogue, hypothesis, and potential calls to motion. These boards will function platforms for viewers to share their grief, anger, and concepts for saving the present.
- Fb Teams: Fb teams devoted to the reveals will expertise a surge in exercise, with members sharing articles, petitions, and private tales about their connection to the present.
- Twitter Hashtags: Particular hashtags associated to the present will pattern on Twitter as followers specific their disappointment and set up campaigns to save lots of the present.
- FanFiction and Fan Artwork Communities: The cancellation could spur elevated exercise in fan fiction and fan artwork communities, as followers search to proceed the tales and characters they love.
Historic Context of Fan-Led Campaigns
The tv business has a wealthy historical past of fan-led campaigns aimed toward influencing community choices. These campaigns have had various levels of success.
CBS’s resolution to axe six reveals earlier than the 2026 season alerts a shift in programming technique. Whereas some followers mourn the losses, others are already planning their summer season, even perhaps looking for a refreshing outing with their furry associates. These searching for an ideal spot would possibly wish to try a dog beach near me for some enjoyable within the solar.
Finally, the cancellations at CBS mirror the ever-changing panorama of leisure, leaving viewers to anticipate what’s subsequent.
“Save
The current CBS cancellations sign a major shift in programming technique main as much as the 2026 season. Whereas followers mourn their favourite reveals, the necessity for recent content material is evident. This has many questioning the place they will discover the newest tendencies, even perhaps searching for out trendy equipment, which could make them seek for the best claires accessories near me to remain forward of the curve.
Finally, the shakeup at CBS displays the ever-evolving panorama of leisure.
Star Trek*”
Within the late Nineteen Sixties, followers of the originalStar Trek* collection launched a letter-writing marketing campaign that efficiently satisfied NBC to resume the present for a 3rd season, though it was in the end canceled shortly thereafter. It is a well-documented instance of early fan activism.
“Save
Jericho*”
After the cancellation of the post-apocalyptic dramaJericho* in 2007, followers launched a large marketing campaign, sending hundreds of kilos of peanuts (a reference to a key plot level) to CBS headquarters. The community, impressed by the outpouring of assist, renewed the present for a second season.
“Firefly” and “Veronica Mars”: In distinction, regardless of passionate campaigns, reveals like
- Firefly* and
- Veronica Mars* weren’t efficiently revived of their authentic type after their preliminary cancellations, although
- Veronica Mars* did later obtain a revival in a restricted collection format. This highlights the constraints of fan activism.
Analyzing the monetary concerns concerned in present cancellations is important.

The choice to cancel a tv present is rarely taken calmly. It is a advanced enterprise calculation, far faraway from simply inventive critiques. A large number of monetary components coalesce, demanding rigorous evaluation earlier than the axe falls. These concerns ripple by manufacturing budgets, promoting agreements, and the general profitability of the community, making a multifaceted influence that extends past quick value financial savings.
Understanding these monetary dynamics is essential to greedy the strategic motivations behind these cancellations.
Manufacturing Prices and Budgetary Impacts
Probably the most quick monetary influence stems from manufacturing prices. Tv reveals, notably these with elaborate units, particular results, or massive ensemble casts, symbolize substantial investments. Canceling a present permits a community to instantly stop these expenditures.Manufacturing prices are usually damaged down into varied classes:
- Above-the-line prices: These cowl the salaries of key inventive personnel, together with actors, writers, administrators, and producers. These prices are sometimes probably the most good portion of the funds.
- Under-the-line prices: This class encompasses all different manufacturing bills, resembling crew salaries (digicam operators, editors, and so forth.), location charges, set development, wardrobe, and post-production bills (enhancing, sound mixing, visible results).
- Overhead prices: These are oblique prices related to working the manufacturing, together with studio rental, insurance coverage, and administrative bills.
A typical one-hour drama collection may cost a little anyplace from $2 million to $5 million per episode, and much more for premium cable or streaming productions. Sitcoms usually have decrease manufacturing prices, starting from $1 million to $3 million per episode. When a present is canceled, the community avoids all remaining manufacturing bills. Nonetheless, there are sometimes residual prices. For instance, some contracts could require funds to solid and crew for the rest of the season, or for a interval after cancellation.Take into account the cancellation of “Terra Nova” by FOX in 2011.
Whereas the precise manufacturing prices usually are not totally disclosed, stories indicated every episode value roughly $4 million. The cancellation, regardless of producing excessive preliminary curiosity, allowed FOX to keep away from additional expenditures on a present that had failed to fulfill expectations, representing important financial savings.
Promoting Income and Sponsorship Implications
Past manufacturing bills, present cancellations instantly have an effect on promoting income and present sponsorship agreements. Networks rely closely on promoting gross sales to generate earnings.Promoting income is generated by:
- Industrial spots: These are the normal 30- or 60-second commercials that air throughout business breaks.
- Product placement: This includes integrating branded merchandise into the present’s storyline.
- Built-in advertising and marketing: This includes extra complete partnerships with advertisers, resembling themed content material or sponsorships.
When a present is canceled, the community loses the promoting income related to that present. The worth of promoting spots is decided by a wide range of components, together with the present’s viewership, the demographics of the viewers, and the time slot through which the present airs. Exhibits with massive and fascinating audiences command greater promoting charges. Canceling a preferred present can considerably influence the community’s total promoting income.Moreover, cancellations can have an effect on the community’s relationships with advertisers and sponsors.
Contracts could embrace clauses specifying penalties or monetary repercussions if a present is canceled earlier than the tip of its contracted run. Sponsors who’ve invested in product placements or built-in advertising and marketing campaigns could demand refunds or search different preparations. For instance, if a automobile firm has a multi-million greenback product placement deal in a present and the present is canceled, the corporate will possible search a refund or a placement in one other program.
This could result in authorized disputes or injury the community’s status with advertisers, making it tougher to safe future promoting offers.
Community Profitability and Strategic Shifts
The monetary influence of present cancellations extends to the community’s total profitability. The lack of promoting income, mixed with the potential for contract penalties, can negatively influence the community’s backside line. Nonetheless, cancellations may also be a part of a strategic shift aimed toward bettering profitability in the long term.Networks usually cancel reveals for the next causes:
- Low scores: Exhibits that fail to draw a enough viewers generate much less promoting income and could be expensive to supply.
- Excessive manufacturing prices: Exhibits with excessive manufacturing prices will not be worthwhile, even when they entice a good viewers.
- Altering viewers preferences: Networks must adapt to altering viewers tastes and tendencies.
- Strategic programming choices: Networks could cancel reveals to make room for brand spanking new packages that they imagine have a better potential for fulfillment.
By canceling underperforming reveals, networks can unlock sources to put money into new programming that’s anticipated to generate greater returns. This may increasingly contain commissioning new reveals, buying present packages from different sources, or investing in numerous genres or codecs. The objective is to maximise the community’s total profitability and entice a bigger and extra worthwhile viewers.For instance, a community would possibly cancel a low-rated drama to put money into a brand new actuality present or a comedy collection, hoping to draw a youthful viewers or generate greater promoting income.
This strategic shift requires cautious planning and danger evaluation. The community should think about the potential dangers and rewards related to the brand new programming, in addition to the influence on its present viewers. The choice to cancel a present is, subsequently, a posh monetary calculation that includes balancing quick value financial savings with long-term strategic targets.
Illustration of Manufacturing Price Allocation
Let’s think about the hypothetical cancellation of a one-hour drama collection with a per-episode funds of $4 million. The allocation of funds would possibly appear to be this:The illustration describes the allocation of a $4 million funds. The most important section, taking on 35% or $1.4 million, is labeled “Expertise Salaries,” overlaying actors, administrators, and producers. Following this, “Crew Salaries and Labor” accounts for 25% or $1 million, together with digicam operators, editors, and different technical workers.
“Put up-Manufacturing” together with enhancing, sound mixing, and visible results, constitutes 15% or $600,000. “Units, Props, and Wardrobe” are allotted 10% or $400,000, which covers the bodily manufacturing components. “Location Charges and Permits” symbolize 8% or $320,000. Lastly, “Overhead and Insurance coverage” consumes the remaining 7% or $280,000.
Useful Solutions
What components usually affect a community’s resolution to cancel a present?
The choice to cancel a present is commonly a posh calculation involving scores, manufacturing prices, promoting income, and the community’s total strategic targets. Poor scores are a major driver, however excessive manufacturing prices, particularly for reveals with elaborate units or massive casts, may also be a major issue. Moreover, community executives could select to cancel a present to make room for brand spanking new programming that aligns with their present imaginative and prescient for the community’s model and goal demographic.
How do present cancellations have an effect on the writers and manufacturing crew?
Cancellations can have a major influence on writers and manufacturing crews. Writers could face layoffs, diminished earnings, and the necessity to discover new employment alternatives. Manufacturing crew members, resembling digicam operators, set designers, and sound engineers, could expertise a disruption of their work schedules and probably face job losses. These people might need to hunt new initiatives, which might contain relocation or retraining to seek out different work.
What recourse do followers have when their favourite present is canceled?
Followers usually specific their disappointment by social media campaigns, petitions, and direct communication with the community. Whereas these efforts are typically profitable, the choice to revive a present usually depends upon varied components, together with the present’s potential to generate income, the provision of the solid and crew, and the community’s total programming technique. Fan assist can typically affect the choice, particularly if there is a important outcry and the present has a devoted fanbase.
How do these cancellations have an effect on the community’s promoting income?
Cancellations can influence promoting income. When a present is canceled, the community loses the promoting earnings it generated. The community could must renegotiate contracts with advertisers or face penalties. The influence on income will depend upon the present’s recognition, the demographics of its viewers, and the general promoting market. Discovering new reveals that entice comparable viewership is essential to mitigate these monetary losses.
What sorts of new programming would possibly CBS prioritize to fill the void?
CBS would possibly prioritize new programming that appeals to a broad viewers, specializing in established genres like procedural dramas, comedies, and actuality reveals. The community can also discover new codecs resembling restricted collection or co-productions with streaming providers. They’ll goal to draw a goal demographic that features the unique viewers of the canceled reveals, and in addition youthful demographics by the usage of various content material and new voices.